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DATE (B.C.) | | HISTORIC EVENT |
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| After 1380 | | Jebus, the original name of Jerusalem, is populated by the Jebusites - a Canaanite tribe. A partial siege of Judah against the city (Judges 1:8) takes place a short time after the death of Joshua. |
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| 1003 | | David battles the Jebusites in Jebus and conquers the city. It becomes the capital of a united Israel and is known as "the city of David." |
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| 959 - 958 | | Solomon completes building the temple of God. |
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| 930 | | Israel splits into two after the death of Solomon. Ancient Jerusalem becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Judah. Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, is Judah's first king and rules for seventeen years. |
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| 925 | | The city is attacked by Shishak, the king of Egypt (2Chronicles 12:9; 1Kings 14:25-26). He is the first Egyptian Pharaoh to capture and pillage the city. |
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| 850 | | The city is attacked by the Philistines, Arabians and Ethiopians (2Chronicles 21:16). The royal palace is looted. |
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| 792 | | King Jehoash of Israel sacks the city, destroys its walls and takes King Amaziah of Judah prisoner. |
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| 735 - 732 | | Rezin, king of Syria, and Pekah, king of Israel, attack the city (2Chronicles 28). King Ahaz seeks the aid of Tiglath-Pileser, king of Assyria, to deliver him from Rezin and Pekah. |
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| 701 | | Sennacherib, king of Assyria, attacks King Hezekiah (2Chronicles 32). Sennacherib threatens to destroy the city, however, God has the Angel of the Lord kill 185,000 troops as they prepare to enter it (2Kings 18-19). |
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| 597 | | The city falls to King Nebuchadnezzar. He takes Judah's king as prisoner to Babylon and sets up Zedekiah as King. |
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| 586 | | King Nebuchadnezzar destroys the city and burns its temple. People of Judah are taken captive to Babylon. |
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| 516 | | The rebuilding of the temple is completed during the reign of Persian King Darius I. |
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| 500s - 400s | | Ezra, temple priests and Levites known as The Great Assembly complete the canonization of the Old Testament part of the Bible. |
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| 332 | | Instead of fighting a bloody battle the city surrenders to Alexander the Great. Alexander spares the city. |
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| 175 | | Antiochus IV Epiphanes becomes King of the Seleucid Empire. He begins to force Greek culture into Judea and outlaws the Sabbath and circumcision. Antiochus also sacks Jerusalem and erects an altar to Zeus in the Second Temple. |
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| 167 | | The Maccabean revolt against the Seleucids is started by a Jewish priest named Mattathias. |
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| 164 | | The Maccabees, led by Mattathias' son Judas Maccabeus, captures Jerusalem and rededicates the temple. |
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| 63 | | The Roman Republic, led by Pompey, occupies Palestine. |
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| 47 | | Julius Caesar appoints Antipater I the Idumaean to be procurator of Judea. Antipater is founder of the Herodian dynasty of rule that will last until 92 A.D. |
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| 40 - 37 | | Herod the Great is appointed King of Judea ("King of the Jews") by the Roman Senate. He is given an army and eventually conquers the ancient city of David. |
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| 20 | | Herod begins work rebuilding the temple. |
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| 5 | | Jesus is born. |
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| c. 4 | | Herod dies. He is succeeded by his son Herod Antipas. |
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DATE (A.D.) | | HISTORIC EVENT |
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Fall 26
to Spring 30 | | The earthly ministry of Jesus. |
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| Wednesday, April 5, 30 | | Jesus is crucified by the Romans just outside the walls of Jerusalem. The place of his death is called Golgotha or Calvary. He is buried in a garden tomb which is also just outside the city's walls. |
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| 49 | | What is known as the Jerusalem Conference is held. Apostle Paul and Barnabas travel to the city to confer with the apostles and brethren about the relationship between circumcision and salvation. |
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| 58 | | Apostle Paul's arrival in the city and his entrance into the temple causes a riot (Acts 21-23). Because of the hatred and plots against him, Paul is escorted out of the city by Roman guards and taken to Caesarea. |
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| 65 | | The complete rebuilding of the temple, started by Herod around 20 B.C., is completed. |
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| 70 | | Roman legions storm the city. Although General Titus tries to preserve the temple, his troops set fire to it in several places. It's destruction begins on the 9th of Ab but is completed the next day (Sunday, August 5th). The 10th of Ab is the very same day Jerusalem's first temple, built by Solomon, was totally destroyed by King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon in 586 B.C. |
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