Who were the MAGI?

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Who are the MAGI in the Bible that visited Jesus after his birth? What country were they from? What prophecy, made during the time of Moses and the children of Israel, led them to look for a star? Did twelve Magi actually visit Jesus? In an era without many or most of the things we take for granted, what is the best way to announce the birth of mankind's Savior?

The news that Jesus, the Messiah, the Savior of mankind, had been born were first brought to shepherds tending their flocks. But these are not ordinary shepherds. According to Alfred Edersheim in his book Sketches of Jewish Social Life (pages 80-81), these men tended a special flock of sheep: "It seems of deepest significance . . . that those shepherds who first heard tidings of the Savior's birth . . . watching flocks destined to be offered as sacrifice in the Temple . . ." A group in the Bible, known as the Magi, also brought news of the Messiah - except they brought it to the courts of Judea.

The Magi were high-level dignitaries from another land. The first mention of them in the Bible can be found in the book of Jeremiah, chapter 39:

"Then all the princes of the king of Babylon came in and sat in the Middle Gate: Nergal-Sharezer . . . Rabmag (the chief Magi), with the rest of the princes of the king of Babylon." (Jeremiah 39:3, NKJV throughout)

By the time of Jesus, there were many kinds of Magi, including pagan priests, physicians, learned men, and sorcerers. But there was obviously some God-fearing Magi as well. Daniel 2 in the Bible states:

"Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many gifts, and made him ruler of the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wise men (Hebrew / Aramaic word Magi) of Babylon. " (Daniel 2:48)

Who are the Magi in Matthew? How many of them did angels lead to Bethlehem? Matthew 2:1 tells us they came "from the east." Does this refer to Babylon? Possibly. Daniel lived in Babylon and was considered one of the Magi. Furthermore, there were still a great many Jews in that city. Did they come from Parthia? Probably. We can't say for sure, but they may have come from the Parthian empire, which was second only to Rome in power and ruled parts of Persia and Babylon. In 66 A.D., secular historians record that the king of Armenia arrived in Rome with the sons of three Parthian rulers to pay homage to Nero. The Roman historian Pliny referred to them as Magi.

Parthia is also mentioned in the Bible. In Acts 2:9, on the day of Pentecost, we find that devout worshippers from throughout the Parthian empire were in attendance.

In early Christian art, the Magi are depicted in Parthian dress (belted tunics, full sleeves, Phrygian cap, and trousers). Eastern traditions say that twelve Magi went to Judea to worship the Messiah. Many Christians believe that since three gifts were given to Jesus - gold, incense, and myrrh - there must have been three Magi who visited to pay homage. This number, however, is only an guess based on a one gift per person assumption. The Bible nowhere gives us a count. An interesting story is told of the Basilica of Bethlehem, originally built by Constantine. When the Persian armies swept through the Holy Land, they spared this church because it had a mosaic representing the magi as Persians.

An ancient prophecy of a star

Were the Magi following the star prophesied in Numbers 24 by none other than Balaam, a prophet of Midian who was paid by Balak to CURSE the children of Israel? Could it be that the people of Midian preserved this prophecy from the time of Joshua until the coming of Jesus? We know that Moses' father-in-law Jethro was a priest of Midian, which later was absorbed into the Medo-Persian empire. The Bible prophecy is:

"I shall see him, but not now: I behold him, but not near. A Star shall come out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and batter the brow of Moab, and destroy all the sons of tumult. " (Numbers 24:17)

Paying a visit to Herod

The Magi go to Herod first. Apparently they believed that as ruler of Judea he might have known where the Messiah was located. Herod, however, is troubled by the news and consults with the chief priests and scribes, some of whom were probably members of the Sanhedrin. Matthew 2 says:

"And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together, he inquired of them where the Christ was to be born. So they said to him, 'In Bethlehem of Judea, for thus it is written by the prophet . . .'" (Matthew 2:4-5)

This group publicly and officially proclaims that the child would be born in Bethlehem; by inference they recognize "Jesus is the king of Israel." Herod knew the Messiah was there or he would not have ordered the slaughter of all male children two years and under (Matthew 2:16). The last thing he wanted was another legitimate descendant of David - and there were thousands at the time - laying claim to his throne.

In conclusion

It's a pity that people do not understand the great drama of Jesus' birth and those who were involved - angels, shepherds, Magi, kings, priest, etc. etc. It was not the accidental birth of a child from a noble Roman family that ushered in world peace. It was the foreordained birth of a man from another noble family -- that of David -- but belonging to a despised and downtrodden race.

The professing Christian world has conditioned our minds to think of His birth as being connected to snow and ice and sleigh bells. It has trivialized Jesus' appearance as a human being, portraying him as a helpless baby, with only animals and humble people in attendance to Him. It has accepted an erroneous date completely foreign to Jesus' Jewish roots. His birth was not a time for celebration as we understand it today. It was a momentous political event that electrified the people of Judea and rulers of other nations because it signified the BEGINNING of the END of man's dominion over this earth. Let us never forget that Jesus was born to be King of Kings and Lord of Lords, and that one day every knee will bow to Him. This is the real story of the nativity and who were the Magi.

Original article by:  Wes White
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