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Date* (B.C.) | | Roman Empire / Rome | | Biblical Events |
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8th
century | | | | 740 - 700 - Ministry of the prophet Micah. His prophecies concerned Samaria and Jerusalem. | | | | 721 - Assyria completes its conquest of the northern ten tribes of Israel and their capital city of Samaria. | | | | | | | | Kings of Judah | | | 796 - 767 - Amaziah | | 767 - 740 - Uzziah (Azariah) | | 740 - 732 - Jotham | | 732 - 716 - Ahaz | | 716 - 687 - Hezekiah | | | | |
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7th
century | | | 673 - 642 - Reign of Tullus Hostilius. Building of the Curia Hostilia, the senate house. | | | 642 - 617 - Reign of Ancus Marcius | | | | 617 - 578 - Reign of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Building of the Circus Maximus. Rome gets the first system of sewers. | | | | | | | | | |
| | 640 - 620 - Ministry of the prophet Nahum. His prophecies concerned the Assyrians, primarily the city of Nineveh. | | | 640 - 609 - Ministry of the prophet Zephaniah. His prophecies concerned Judah, Jerusalem, all Israel and all peoples. | | | 608 - 605 - Ministry of the prophet Habakkuk. His prophecies concerned Babylon with implications for all peoples. | | | | Kings of Judah | | | 687 - 643 - Manasseh | | 643 - 641 - Amon | | 641 - 609 - Josiah | | 609 - Jehoahaz (Shallum) | | 609 - 598 - Jehoiakim |
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6th
century | | | 578 - 534 - Reign of Servius Tullius. Sacred boundary of Rome defined. Rome takes its first census. | | | | 534 - 509 - Reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last Roman king. He builds the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. | | | | 509 - Roman Republic begins. Tarquinius Superbus expelled. First consuls are Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus. | | | | 508 - The office of Pontifex Maximus (high priest) is created when these powers are stripped from the consuls. |
| | Destruction of Solomon's Temple | | | | | | | | | | | | Kings of Judah | | | 597 - Jehoiachin (Jeconiah) | | 597 - 587 - Zedekiah (Mattariah) | | 587 - Fall of JERUSALEM, Fall of JUDAH | | 582 - Assassination of Gedaliah (Jeremiah 41) | | 520 - Ministry of the prophet Haggai. His prophecies concerned Zerubbabel, Joshua and the returned remnant. | | | 520 - 480 - Ministry of the prophet Zechariah. His prophecies concerned Zerubbabel, Joshua and the returned remnant. | | | Temple Rebuilt in 515 B.C. | | | | |
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5th
century | | | 496 - Rome defeats the Etruscan-led Latin League at the battle of Lake Regillus. | | | | 449 - The Decemviri publishes the Twelve Tables of Roman law. | | | | 447 - Tribal Assembly created. Two quaestors elected for the first time. | | | | 443 - The office of consul is replaced by an assembly of military tribune with consular powers, the Tribuni militum consulari potestate for this year. Office of Censor created. Duties of Censor were Consular duties until this point, where consuls are replaced. |
| | 420 - 400 - Ministry of the prophet Malachi. His prophecies concerned Israel (Twelve Tribes of Israel) and Israel of God today (the true church of God). |
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4th
century | | | 396 - Rome captures and sacks the Etruscan city of Veii after a 10-year siege, the final assault being conducted by Marcus Furius Camillus. Roman soldiers earn their first salary. | | | | 390 - The Gauls defeat the Roman army at the battle of the Allia. The Gauls also sack Rome. | | | | 375 - 371 - Years of Anarchy where no magistrates elected. | | | | 340 - Rome enters the Latin War on the side of the Samnites. | | | | 338 - End of the Latin War. Latin League dissolved and territory placed under Roman control. | | | | 326 - Second Samnite War begins. | | | | 304 - End of the Second Samnite War. Rome establishes many new colonies and gains control over much of central and southern Italy. |
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3rd
century | | | 264 - 241 - First Punic War against Carthage. | | | | 241 - Following the defeat of Carthage, Sardinia and Corsica becomes the first Roman province. | | | | 224 - Rome defeats invading Gallic army at the Battle of Telamon. | | | | 223 - Rome defeats Gauls in Cisalpine Gaul. | | | | 218 - 201 - Second Punic War against Carthage. Rome is defeated at the Battle of the River Trebia. | | | | 216 - Hannibal inflicts a disaster for Rome at the Battle of Cannae. | | | | 214 - 205 - First Macedonian War, Romans defeated. | | | | 213 - 211 - Siege of Syracuse where Rome captures the city. | | | | 204 - 202 - Scipio Africanus Major invades Africa. Hannibal recalled and defeated in the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C. | | | | 202 - 196 - Second Macedonian War which ends with Roman victory. |
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2nd
century | | | 197 - Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Tarraconensis become Roman provinces. | | | | 192 - 189 - Syrian war against the Seleucid dynasty. | | | | 172 - 167 - Third Macedonian War which ends with Roman victory. | | | | 154 - 138 - War against the Lusitanians. | | | | 149 - 146 - Third Punic War against Carthage. | | | | 149 - 148 - Fourth Macedonian War. | | | | 146 - Scipio Aemilianus Africanus (Scipio Africanus the Younger) puts an end in the Punic and Macedonian threat by destroying the cities of Carthage and Corinth. Macedonia and Africa are annexed as provinces. | | | | 121 - Rome acquires the province of Transalpine Gaul (south of modern France) and a safe land route to Hispania. |
| | Events Between
Old and New Testaments | The Maccabean Revolt | | | 175 - Antiochus IV Epiphanes becomes ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In an effort to unify the Greek elements of his empire, he begins campaign to force the Greek culture onto Judea. | | | | 167 - A Jewish priest, Mattathias, starts a revolt against the Seleucid overlords of Judea by refusing to worship the Greek gods. Mattathias dies about a year later. One of his five sons, Judas, becomes military chief of the rebellion. Judas would later be known as Judas Maccabaeus (or Judah the Maccabee), which translated means "Judah the Hammer." Judas was called "the hammer" as recognition of his ferocity in battle. | | | | 164 - Judas Maccabeus leads an army of Jewish dissidents to victory over the Seleucids. After the victory, he enters Jerusalem in triumph and religiously cleanses the Temple (which had been profaned by the pagan Seleucids). | On the twenty-fifth day of the Jewish month of Kislev the Temple was re-dedicated. Supposedly, only one day's supply of oil was available to burn in the candelabrum (holder for one or more candles) and it miraculously lasted for eight days. In commemoration of this event Jews celebrate Hanukkah each year. | | | | | 160 - Judas Maccabeus dies in battle. Two of Judas' brothers continue the war to gain Judea's independence. | | | | 147 - Judea gains independence. | | | | | | | | 129 - Collapse of the Seleucid empire. | | | | |
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1st
century | | | 91 - 88 - Social wars. The last rebellion of the Italian nations against Rome. | | | | 88 - Sulla crosses the pomerium with his legions and invades Rome. | | | | 88 - 85 - First Mithridatic War against Mithridates VI of Pontus. | | | | 83 - 82 - First Roman civil war which is between Sulla and the popular faction. Sulla wins and becomes dictator. | | | | 83 - 82 - Second Mithridatic War. Sulla returns to Rome and is nominated dictator. | | | | 74 - 66 - Third Mithridatic War which is eventually won by Pompey. | | | | 67 - Pompey clears the Mediterranean of pirates. | | | | 63 - Roman troops occupy Palestine (Judea). Jerusalem falls. | | | | 60 - 54 - First triumvirate formed. It is an informal coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus used to govern the Roman Republic. | | | | 58 - 50 - Caesar fights the Gallic wars, acquiring the province of Gallia Comata. | | | | 54 - 53 - First campaign against the Parthian Empire in which Crassus is utterly defeated and killed. | | | | 44 - Caesar is assassinated on the Ides of March. | | | | 44 - 42 - Third Roman civil war between the assassins of Caesar (led by Cassius and Brutus) and Caesar's heirs, Octavian and Mark Antony. | | | | 43 - Octavian, Antony and Lepidus form the second triumvirate. | | | | 36 - Antony's Parthian campaign ends in failure. | | | | 32 - End of peaceful relations between Octavian and Antony. | | | | 31 - In the battle of Actium, Octavian decisively defeats Antony and Cleopatra. | | | | 30 - Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide. Egypt becomes a Roman province. | | | | | | 27 - End of the Republic and beginning of the Roman Empire. Octavian is now called Augustus Caesar and becomes the sole ruler of Rome. |
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